Trauma Of The Eye- Ordinary Black Eye or a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage in case of fracture base of the skull

In case of head or face trauma,the injury signs can relieve a passible subconjunctival hemorrhage as result of a fracture base of the skull.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage happens if the orbital roof is fractured.
A subconjunctivated hemorrhage can be differentiated an ordinary black eye due just to a direct trauma to the eye.

Signs of an ordinary black eye:
-the bruise appears immediatly after trauma to the eye
-develops in the upper lid first
-has a tringular shape with its posterior borders seen and its base towards the cornea
-the occular mobility is not impaired
-proptasis does not occur.

Signs of a subconjunctival hemorrhage (so a skull fracture occured):
-develops hours after trauma
-no skin bruises
-develops in the lowest lid first
-has a triangular shape without posterior limits and its apex is toward the cornea
-occular mobility may be impaired
-proptosis occurs.

In case of base fracture of the skull appears a continuous salty taste and the blood extravation under the galea and in the lids (panda bear effect).

First aid management in case of severe trauma or multiple injuries SAVE LIVES! Learn how to give first aid

First aid management of the patient as emergency before hospital management:

1.Prevent asphyxia by the fallowing:
-keep patient airway
pull tangue
-if necessary insert air through mouth
-tilt the head to one side
-support the mandible forward
-clean any secretion.

2.Control of bleeding:
-pack the wound with textile and due local pressure to the bandage
-elevate the hurted part

3.Antishock measures: warm the trunk,elevation of lower part of the body,fluids.

4.Avoid any movement of the spine and splintage for any fracture: in case of cervical spine injury.

5.Immediatly transfer to the hospital !

Hospital management of the patient:

-section of blood,saliva and vomiting from the pharynx and oral cavity
-endotrocheal tube is inserted with mechanical ventilator in hypoventilation,hypoxia or comatosed patient
-oxygen by mask
-seal the wounds
-relieve pain by sedative.
-examination of all system of the body
-urgent investigations.