-adult worm in small intestine.
-encycted larvae in skeletal muscles.
Trichinella spiralis worm is a round worm with male of 1.5 mm and female of 3 mm long.It inhabits small intestine attached to or buried in the mucosa.
Reservoirs of Infection:
The pig with trichinella cysts in muscles is the only intermediate host of human infection.
The pig gets infected from rats,dogs,cats,swine and other animal reservoirs which have both worms in intestine and encysted larve in muscles.
Infection spread inbetween animals when an animal feed on waster contamining infected tissues of another animal and ingests the infective encysted larve.The pig can thus be infected this way to become the only intermediate host of human infection.
Modes of Infection:
Man is infected with both worms and cysts.
Infection with adult worms occurs first by ingestion of insufficiently cooked or processed raw,meat (muscle) of infected pig:encysted larve in muscle of pig are liberated in small intestine and develop into adult worms.
Infection with encysted larve: man is then exposed to autoinfection,where fertilized female worm burrows into th eintestinal mucosa to deposit larve.Larve penetrate the intestinal wall to be carriedby the circulation to different skeletal muscle where the encyst (forming encyst larve).
Symptoms:
Adult worms in intestine cause intestinal disturbance.
Encysted larve in muscle gives different muscle manifestations.
Trichinosis is a problem in communities commonly consuming pork (meat of swine) and pork products,under insanitary conditions like:
-No clean feeding of pigs: they are fed on wastes containing tissue of infected animals (dogs,cats,rats) and so get infected with encysted larve in muscle.
Insufficient cooking and processing of infected meat,where cysts remain viable.
Prevention of Trichinosis:
1.Measures for pig: the intermediate host of human infection.
-sanitary raising and feeding to prevent being infected from contaminated wastes.
-meat sanitation: examining muscle of slaughtered pig,efficient cooking of meat,to destroy the encysted larve,efficient meat processing in factories.
2.Health Education of those consuming pork for porkborne infections and how to be avoided.
What are the infections transmitted by pork?
Parasitic and bacterian infections.
1.Parasitic Infections:
-Trichinosis : both dult worms in samll intestine and ecysted larve in skeletal muscle.
-Taeniasis solium : infection with worms in small intestine.
2.Bacterial Infections: Salmonellosis and Brucellosis.
Pork transmits two parasitic infections.In both,man is not only infected with adult worm in small intestine,but is also exposed to infection with larva stage in different parts of the body,causing cysticercosis and trichinosis that may be serious.
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