Rickets-disease of growing bones on children

Rickets is a disease of growing bones,characterized by defective calcification of osteoid and epiphyseal cartilage.
Rickets is a deficiency problem of infants and young children between age of 4-6 months and 18-24 months (1 year and half-2 years).
Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency.Vitamin D id needed for absorption,utilization and retation of ingested calcium and phosphorus,and so deficiency influences bone formation.

Predisposing factors:

1.General Factors:
-poor housing and slum areas as: deprived of satisfactory sunning,dust in polluted aircuts ultraviolet rays of the sun
-inadequate feeding and malnutrition
-recurrent diarrheal disease of infants and young children.

2.Maternal Factors:
-malnutrition of the pregnant
-repeated unspaced pregnancies
-defeciency of lactation on mather
-nutrition ignorance of mother.

3.Child Factor:
-insufficient exposure to sunlight (baby is kept indoors or is totally covered when going out)
-nonsuplimentation of diet with vitamin D (milk is poor).

Manifestations:
-softening of skull bones
-bossing of parietal and frontal bones
-enlarged metaphyseal areas of long bones.
-closing of anterior fontanell and eruption of teeth.
-skeletal pains
-deformation of long bones and pelvis in severe cases
-weak flabby muscle
-in severe cases softening of ribs interferes with normal respiration and predisposes ti onfection that may be serious and fatal.