Effects on Mother:
During first stage of pregnancy minimal effects.
During second stage (see Labour Stages ):
-the temperature slight rise to 37.5 degree
-the pulse increases up to 100/min
-systolic blood presure may rise slightly due to pain,anxiety and stress
-oedema and congestion of the conjunctiva
-minor injuries to the birth canal and perineum may occur,particularly in first pregnancy.
During third stage can occur:
-blood loss from the placenta (100-200 ml) and from laceration or episiotomy (100 ml).The total avarage blood loss in normal labour is 250 ml.