Artificial insemination involves the collection of semen by an emission occurring other than during coitus(usually by masturbation0 and its transfer into the upper vagina of cervical canal within 2 hours.
Intrauterine insemination is carried out with a sterilized syringe and cannula,and only a small amount of semen(0,5 ml) is injected whithout force into uterus.
The woman sometimes experiances colicky lower abdominal pain.Salpingitis is also a possible complication bacause antiseptics cannot be used in the vagina and semen is not always free from pathogenic bacteria.
for intravaginal insemination the semen is placed into tha vault around the cervix.
By either method it is often necessary to inseminate every 2 or 3 days during the fertilile period before a pregnancy results.
Higher pregnancy rates are obtained if ovulation is monitored.
Intrauterine insemination:
Several specimens of the first part of a split ejaculate,obtained at intervals,are kept in cold storage to produce semen with a resonable sperm density.The overall success rate in still poor,however,and referral for in vitro fertilization offers a greater chance of achieving pregnancy.
Intravaginal insemination:
By this method the woman can do it by herself,instilling semen into upper vagina with a pipette or placing it inside a cervical cap.
It is mainly indicated when coitus is prevented by anatomical faults in the male or by impotence.In cases of impotence,insemination is only feasible if semen can be obtained by masturbation or nocturnal emission.
Artificial insemination can also be used when the problem is retrograde ejaculation,the necessitates alkalinizing the male urine,collecting a specimen after coitus,centrifuging it for spermatozoa and then using these for insemination at the time of ovulation.
efficient technique for freezing human semen and for keeping it at temperatures which in different laboratories vary from -40 to -190 Celcius degrees are not established.Greater success rates are always obtained when fresh semen is used.
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