Malignant melanoma and other skin diseases.Make the difference of skin diseases by their type of manifestation (symptoms)

Sunlight is a major cause,particularly in the early years,for malignant melanoma.

It may occur in pre-existing moles.Pay attention in size,shape and colour changes,inflammation,crusting or bleeding,asymetry,irregular colour,elevation,irregular border.

Neighbouring "satellite" lesions may occur.If smooth,well-demarcated and regular,it is unlikly to be a melanoma.

Squamous cell cancer
This usually presents as an ulcerated lesion,with hard,raised edges.They may be found in the lips of smokers or in long standing garvitational leg ulcers.Metastases are rare,but local destruction may be extensive.As treatment is recommanded the total excision.
The condition may be confused with keratoacanthoma-a fast growing benign,self limiting,papule plugged with keratin.
Basal cell carcinoma
Typically ,pearly nodule with rolled,telangiectatic edge uaually on the face.Metastases are very rare.It is locally destructive epithelioma (if left untreated).Lesions on truck may appearas red scaly plaques with rased smooth edge.The cause of basal cell carcinoma is UV exposure.
As treatment is recommanded excision and radiotherapy can be used for large lesions in the elderly.
Bowen's disease
Slow growth red scaly plaque,full thickness,dyspalsia.
Actinic keratoses appear in sun exposure skin as crumbly,yellow-white crusts.Malignant changes may occur.
Secondary carcinoma
The most common metastases to skin are from breast,kidney and lungs.The lesion is usually a firm nodule,most often in the scalp.
Mycasis fungoides
Is a lymphoma which is usually confined to skin.It causes itchy,red plaques.
Leukoplakia
This appears as white patches which may fissure on oral or genital mucosa (where it may itch).
Syphilis
Any genital ulcer is syphilis until proved otherwise.Secondary syphilis:popular rush including,unusually in the palms.

Phytochemicals and health. Prevent and cure cancer with protective chemicals found in foods of plant origin

Phytochemicals,also known as phytonutrients,are naturaly occuring protective chemicals that are found in foods of plant origin.Studies show that there may be as many as 100 different phytochemicals in just one serving of vegetables.
Evidence has shown that people who consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables are therefor in phytochemicals,have a lower incidence of many disorders,including cardiovascular disease,diabetes and certain types of cancer.
Phytochemicals have an antioxidant effect (opposite) that protects cells from cancer and cardiovascular disease,as well as from urinary tract infections,rheumatoid arthritis and reduced immunity.
Make sure you eat at least five portions of fruits and vegetables a day to get plenty of phytochemicals.

What are the different types of phytochemicals
There are hundreds of phytochemicals found in foods of plant origin.The key benefits of some of the best known phytochemicals are listed below.

Bioflavonoids

They are helpful in the absorption of vitamin C and protect it from oxidation (damage).Citrus fruits,such as lemons,limes,grapefruit and oranges,are particulary good sources of bioflavonoids.
Carotenoids

These may protect against cardiovascular disease.carotenoids are found in orange fleshed melon,carrots,sweet potatoes and butternut squash.
Glucosinolates

Found in vegetables,these help the liver in its detoxification function.They help regulate certain white cells involved in immunity.They may also help reduce tumor growth,particularly in the breast,liver,colon,lung,stomach and oesophagus.
Organosulphides

These gives onions and leeks their pungent odour.They stimulate anti cancer enzymes,slow the formation of blood clots and are known to boost the immunity system.
Phytoestrogens

These protect the body against cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.Phytoestrogens may also slow the progression of cancer.They are found in soya products and linseeds.
Flavonoids

These may protect the body from iflammations,allergic reactions and viral infections.
Indoles

These phytochemicals are thought to help prevent beast cancer.
Isoflavones

These may inhibit oestrogen-promoted cancer and lower high levels of blood cholesterol.
Limonoids

Find in the peel of citrus fruits,these phytochemicals appear to protect lung issues.
Lycopene

Found in tomatoes these may protect agains cancer of the cervix,stomach,bladder,colon and prostate,as well as cardiovascular disease.
Para-coumaric acid
These phytochemical helps prevent cancer by interfering with the development of cancer-causing nitrosamines in the stomach.
Phenols and polyphenols

These protect plant from chemical damage and performe the same function in humans.Found in tea,polyphenol is thought to protect agains stomach cancer.
Phytosterols

These include stanols,which can reduce the absorption of cholesterol from the diet and therefor lower cholesterol levels in the blood.Stanols are found in soya products and fortified margarines.
Terpenes
These may block action of cancer causing factors (carcinogens) and may inhibit hormon-related cancers such as ovarian cancer.

Phytochemicals are found in all foods of plant origin.The following plant foods are thought to contain particularily beneficial phytochemicals:
-whole grains
-broccoli
-brussels sprouts
-cauliflower
-citrus fruits
-dark green leafy vegetables
-garlic
-tea
-herbs and spices
-onion
-tomatoes
-soya beans
-wine

CANCER PREVENTION!Formation of Red Blood Cells.Importance of Diet in formation of Red Blood Cells

Red blood Cells production occurs in the bone marrow,starting with the stem cell and progressing through various intermediates.Normal development takes about 7-10 days.

Red Blood Cells are produced in the liver and spleen of the fetus.After birth the bone marrow is the site of formation of Red Blood Cells.Until adolescence the bone marrow of all bones produces Red Blood Cells.
By the age of 20,the marrow is in the cavities of long bones exept the upper humerous and femur becomes infiltrated with fat and produces more red cells.After the age of 20 the marrow of the flat bones is the only site of formation of Red Blood Cells.

Factors affecting the Formation of Red Blood Cells:

-Healthy bone marrow
-Healthy liver
-Hormones
-Diet :Proteins,Iron,Vitamins
-Tissue oxygenation.

1.Healthy Bone Marrow:
A healthy bone marrow is essential for the production of red cells.Bone marrow is destroyd by X-ray,atomic radiation,drugs as CHLORAMPHENICOL and by malignant tumours.

2.Healthy liver:
The liver is important for the formation of red blood cells because:
-it acts as a store of Vitamin B12
-it acts as a store of iron
-it is the site of formation of globin part of hemoglobin molecule.

3.Hormones:
Hormones regulate the metabolic processes in various tissues including the bone marrow.Thus,thyroid hormones,androgens and gluccorticoids stimulate formation of red cells.

4.Diet:
Because of the continuing need to replenish red blood cells,the cells of the bone marrow are among the most rapidly growing and reproducing cells of the entire body.Therefore,as would be expected,their maturation and rate of production is affected greatly by a person's nutritional status.
-Proteins: Proteins of high biological value are needed in the diet to build globin of hemoglobin.Defeciency of proteins in the diet leads to failure of formation of red blood cells.
-Iron: Iron is important for the formation of hemoglobin,myoglobin and other substances such as cytocromes,cytocromes oxydase,peroxidase and catalase enzyme.
-Vitamin B12: All vitamins are needed for formation of red blod cells,but vitamin B12 and folic acid are especcilay important for final maturation of the red cells.
Vitamin B12 contains COBALT and is important for DNA formation.

5.Tissue Oxygenation:
Any condition that cause the amont of oxygen transported to the tissue to decrease will increase the rateof red blood cells production.This can occur in the fallowing conditions:
-at high altitudes where the oxygen pressure is the atmospheric air is decreased thus decreasing oxygen supply to the tissue.
-various diseases as prolonged heart failure and lung diseases.
-increased demand for oxygen as in athletes and hard workers.

READ ALSO:
Importance of Iron in Diet in Formation of Red Blood Cells

BREAST CANCER-Risk Factors

Breast Cancer affects females and rarely males.
The causes are not definitly known,but certain risk factors ,precancerous conditions and host variables are known to influence susceptibility of breast cancer.

Risk factors:

1.Hormonal Disturbance:endogenous and exogenous.Increased estrogen,progesteron and prolactin.

2.Contraceptive pill:proper use is safe (not precancerous or risky).Under certain circumstances oral contraceptive may be potentially risky for development of breast cancer:
   -continued,not interrupted,oral contraceptive for long time:years undefined,may be more than 4.
   -practice of oral contraceptive over 35 years of age,may be also risky.

3.Parity (full term pregnancy):
-multiparas (women with many pregnancies) are exposed to more incidence of breast cancer,that usually appears in 40-60 years,specially when regular breast-feeding is not fallowed.
-mother that don't practice breast feeding are exposed to milk retention,and is risk to breast cancer.
-wemen that never gived birth to babies are more at risk.
-wemen having there first full term pregnancy at older age,specially after 35 may also show somewhat higher incidence of breast cancer.

4.Menstruation Pattern:
Early menanche (under 12) and late natural menopause (after 50) are associated with little increased incidence.
Late menanche and early menopause are associated with lower incidence.

5.Family history of breast cancer:
Family having cases of breast cancer show higher incidence of disease.The more intimate the degree of relation,more risk is.

Cancer at one breast increases susceptibility to involvement of the other breast.
Cases of cancer body uterus show more incidence of breast cancer and case of breast cancer show increased endometrial cancer.

Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia-Characteristics and Treatment

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Is a disease characterized by accumulation in the lymphoid organs bone marrow,and blood of long lived small,lymphocytes.the cells do not respond appropriately to antigen stimulation and antibody formation is diminished leading to increase susceptibility to infections.Abnormal immune reactions may occur with formation of autoantibodies leading to haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia.

Symptoms:
Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia can appear above 50 years and in both sex are equal.
25% of case are asymtomatic.
-liver and spleen are usually enlarged
-increased incedence of infection
-leukaemia infiltrations may occur
-anaemia and bleeding tendency may occur.

Investigations:
-blood test
-biopsy

Treatment:
In case of asymtomatic patient the treatment is not needed.
Once symptoms or complications occur start treatment.
Is necessary antibiotic treatment,transfusions and irradiation.

READ MORE:
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Acute Leukaemia-Symptoms
Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplant-Leukaemia Treatment

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia-Symptoms,Treatment and Prognosis

The Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia is an abnormal proliferation granulocytes in the blood,bone marrow,spleen,liver and sometimes other tissues.

Chronic Myeloid leukaemia can appear in middle age (male or female) and evoluates gradualy.

Symptoms:
-dragging pain in left hypochondrium due to splenic enlargement
-stitching pain in the left hypochondrium may occur due to splenic infarction leading to perisplenitis
-generalized bony pain
-pallor and symptoms of anaemia
-fever,sore throat and increased incidence of infection
-bleeding tendency and purpuric eruptions
Symptoms due to leukaemia deposits are rare.

Signs:
-low grade fever,loss of weight.

Investigations:
-blood test
-external puncture,liver biopsy.

Treatment:
As general measures: blood transfusion for anaemia and antibiotic for infection.
Is necessary Chemiotherapy and Irradiation.

Prognosis:
The life expectancy in case of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia is between 1-10 years,average 2-3 years.

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Acute Leukaemia-Symptoms and Treatment

Leukaemia ia a disease with unknown causes characterized by uncontrolled abnormal proliferation of leucocytic cells which infliltrate various tissues of the body.
The causes are unknown,but several factors may play a role as:
-virus infection
-genetic factor
-presence of abnormal chromosome
-irradiation and chimicals as benzene.

Acute Leukaemia:
Is most common in children and young adults.

Symptoms of acute Leukaemia:

1.Fever: due to infections and tissue distruction.
2.Recurrent infections: in the mouth and throat leading to sore throat,enlarged tonsils,ulcer in mouth and pharynx and respiratory infections.
3.Progressive Anaemia: encroachment on red cells precursors in the brown morrow and repeared blood loss.
4.Bleeding: skin petichae,bleeding from gums and nose,gastro-intestinal hemorrhage,cerebral hemorrhage,hemorrhage into the eye (impaired vision) and ear (defness),persistent bleeding after tooth extraction or tonsillectomy.
5.Bone pains: these are generalized and may be associated with artritis simulating rheumatic artritis.Appear tenderness over the sternum .
6.Lymph node enlargement.

Acute Leukaemia Syptoms are confused with other diseases symptoms as:
-rheumatic fever
-other cases of fever with sore throat
-anaemia
To be shore of diagnosis is necessary a blood test.

Treatment:

Patologic and Oncologic Treatment visit
http://www.lifemedicalassistance.blogspot.com/p/egypt-medical-tourism.html

READ MORE:
Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Stem Cells and bone Marrow Transplant-Treatment for Leukaemia

Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Tumor

A tumor is a new growth forming,an abnormal mass caused by autonomous self controlling proliferation of cells independent of stimuli.
The study of tumors is referred to as ONCOLOGY.

Clasification of Tumors:
According to their behavior or as biological clasification are:
-Benign (generally have good prognosis)
-Malignant (generally have poor prognosis)
-Intermediate  tumors (locally malignant neoplasms,locally agressive tumors)

According of tissue of origin:
-Epithelial tumors
-Mesenchymal tumors
-Others

Characteristics of BEGNIN TUMOR:

1. The growthis slow and expansile,compressing the surrounding tissue without invasion.
2. Begnin tumors do not spread
3. Begnin tumors do not recur if is well excised
4. Begnin tumors are not dengerous unless:

-they arise in vital organs as brain
-they arise in hollow organs (as intestine) causing obstruction
-they produce hormones as in tumors of endocrine glands
-some begnin tumors may change malignant.This may be clinically manifested by change of growth rate (becoming faster) and growth mode (becoming infiltrative,destructive and metastasizing).

Benign tumor structure:
-tumor margins are well degined
-cut section of the tumor is commonly uniform with no hemorrage or necrosis
-a tumor arise inside a solid organ appears globular or ovoid and aften becomes surrounded by a fibrous capsule composed of a rim of condensed connective tissue
-a tumor arising from surface epithelia form a non-capsulated polyp.

Characteristics of MALIGNANT TUMOR:

1. The rate of growth is often rapid,invasive,infiltrating and destroying the surrounding normal tissue .
2. The malignant tumors spread.
3. -Recurrence after surgical excision is very common either from tumor cell remnats or from a new neoplastic transformation.
4. Malignant tumors are serious and cause death.

Causes of Death includes:
-local organ destruction by direct spread
-distant organ destruction by metatstases
-destruction of vital centrers (brain tumors)
-obstruction of the lumen of hollow organs (intestinal tumors)
-organ failure
-chronic toxemia do to secondary bacterial infection
-anaemia: recurrent hemorrages from the tumors,bone marrow destruction by metastases,high tumor cell metabolism may lead to folic acid deficiency.
-cachecia: it is manifested by marked decrease of body weigh accompanied by profound weakness,anorexia and anaemia.

Malignant tumor structure:
-tumors margins are irregular or ill defined
-cut section of the tumor often shows areas of hemorrage and necrosis
-a tumor inside a solid organ appears as irregular noncapsulated mass
-tumors arise from surface epithelia appears as noncapsulated masses assuming different patterns

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Hazard of sun exposure-MALIGNANT MELANOMA

In UK have been registarted an incidence of 3500 cases of malignant melanoma/year.
Sunlight is considered the major cause ,particularly in the early years of research.
Malignant Melanoma may occur in pre-existing moles and can have the fallowing signs:

• Less helpful sign:

-asymmetry
-irregular colour
-elevation
-irregular border

• Minor signs:

-inflammation,crusting or bleeding
-sensory change
-the diameter become more than 7 mm(unless growth is in the verticl plane)

• Major:

-change in size
-change in shpe
-change in colour
If is smooth,well-demarcated and regular -is not a melanoma.

Squamous Cell Cancer:
This usually presents as an ulcerated lesion with hard,raised edges.They may begin in solar keratoses or be found on the lips of smokers or in long-standing gravitational leg ulcers.Metastases are rare,but local local distuction may be extensive.As treatment is required the total excision.

Basal Cell Carcinoma:
Typically ,pearly nodule with rolled telangiectatic edge usually on the face.If is untreatead become localy distructive epithelioma.Have as cause the UV exposure and can apper as red scaly plaques with raised smoot edges.

Avoid long and unprotected sun exposer!
Go for medical examination !

Cancer of Female Genitalia

Cancer and other malignant tumours may involve the female genital system.This form includes around 6% of total female malignancy.The frequency is:
-the cervix comes first:more than half of cases
-the ovary,vagina,endometrium,vulva and myometrium.

CERVIX CANCER:
Cervical cancer is the commonest cancer of female genital system.Peak is found around the age of 50 years.
The causes cannot be given.
Cervical cancer control:the case to be early finding and management.
-females must be aware of any vaginal discharge,or abnormal uterine bleeding,to seek medical consultation at time
-periodic health appraisal of at risk females over 40 years:clinical examinatio for visible cervical lesions(swelling,ulceration),taking cervical smear,to be examinated for positive cytology,so as to screen suspected cases.Diagnosis can be confirmed by biopsy.

ENDOMETRIAL CANCER:
Cancer of endometrium is a common cancer of female genital tract that comes next to cancer cervix.
A good percent of cases may occur before menopause and the majority after 50 years,with peak incidence in women aged 60-70 years.

Risk factors:
-hormonal-administration of hormones or hormonal disorders.
-giving synthetic estrogens(uncontrolled administration,before or around menopause to relieve menopausal symptoms)
-hormonal disorders as estrogenic disturbance,disturbance of hypothalamic,polycystic ovaries with prelonged anovulation.
-metabolic disorders,including impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes
-obesity(specially when is combinated with diabetes)
-nulliparity(radiation to induce menopause,did not prove to be a risk factor)

Females must be aware of gynecologic disorders(menstrual disorders including abnormal bleeding,and postmenopausal bleeding) and seek medical care,becouse are women that apparently have normal health condition and a medical examination is necessary to detect malignant disease early enough in the microscopic asymptomatic phase.

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer affects females and rarely males.
The causes of breast cancer in females are not definitely known,but certain risk factors,precancerous conditions and host variable are known to inluence susceptibility to incidence of breast cancer.
Risk Factors:
1.Hormonal disturbance:endogenous and exogenous.Increased estrogen,progesterone or prolactin.
2.Contaceptive pill:proper use is safe(not precancerous,ot risky).Under certain circumstances,however,oral contraception may be potentially risky for development of breast cancer:
-continued,not interrupted,oral contraception for long time,years undefined,may be more than four.
-practice of oral contraception over 35 years of age,may be also risky.
3.Parity:
-multiparas are exposed to more incidence of breast cancer,that usually appears in 40-60 years,specially when regular breast feeding in not fallowed
-practice of breast feeding:mothers not or irregularly practising breast feeding are exposed to milk retention,with more risk of breast cancer
-nulliparous women
-delayed childbearing:women having their first full-term pregnancy at older age,specially after 35,may show somewhat higher incidence of breast cancer.
4.Menstruatio Pattern:
-early menarche(under 12) and late natural menopause(after 50) are associated with little increased incidence
-late menarche at early menopause are associated with lower incidence.
5.Morbidity:
-cancer of one breast increases susceptibility to involvement of the other breast
-cases of cancer body uters show more incidence of breast cancer and cases of breast cancer show increased endometrial cancer.
6.Family history of breast cancer:families having cases of breast cancer show higher incidence of disease.the more intimate the degree of relation,more is the risk.
Prevention:
Primary prevention cannot be precisely given,since cause is not known.Prevention is based on:
-avoiding exposure to risk factors
-early detection and management of precancerous conditions.
Hormonal preparation has to be used only on medical prescription,and under supervision.
For those who use oral pill:
-select the proper pill and dosage
-don't have a continued use,not more than 4 years
-the women over 35 have to not use the pill and use an other method.For womens that use oral contraception,change to some other method after 4 years and then you can come back to pill after some time if is recomandated.

CANCER-Definition and Causes

The cancer comprises a group of malignant disease,characterised by abnormal irregular growth of the cells of involved parts.
Recent statistical data showed significantly increased morbidity and mortality of cancer,specially of some sites of the body.This increasement can be explained by more exposure to risk factors of uncontrolled modernization for exemple pollution of the environment with carcinogens and increasingly used food additives:used for coloration,taste and odour or for preservation of food.The changes of lifestyle and extensive industrialization represents a risk of cancer too.

Causes of Cancer:
Defined causes of cancer are not fully known yet.Epidemiologic and experimental studies,however,have revealed many factors with etiologic causal role or risk role.They are classified into environmental and genetic factors.
1.Genetic factors;
-abnormal gene in retinoblastoma
-genetic disorders as Down's Syndrome,late appearance of malignancy as leukaemia.
2.Environment factors:
-physical factors:exposure to radiation(in medicine,industry,atomic explosions,exposer to ultraviolets rays of sun) is the basic causal agent.
-chemical factor:many chemicals are carcinogenic.the exposure can be personal,by environment and occupational.The persoanl exposure is related to the lifestyle,diet,smoking cigarettes,drinking alcohol,the environment exposure through pollution(air,food,water,food) and occupational exposure usually industrial.
3.Biological factors:
-some infection agents;herpes virus of genital tract,virus B and C of hepatitis.
-bacteria flora of intestine:metabolic activity may change some chemicals in food into carcinogens that predisposed to cancer colon.

Host factors of Cancer are;
1.Age-in general malignant disease affects older ages,usually over 40 years.Younger age however,even early in childhood,may be affected according to inherentance,living circumstances and exposure to risk factors.
2.Sex-primary cancer of nosexual sites shows higer male mortality,in general cancer of respiratory tract.cancer of thyroid and biliary passages show higher female mortality.

The risk of smoking

Tabacco smoking is a faulty social habit.
It is rapidly spreading in developing countries.
Tabacco smoking is responsible for higher incidence of morbidity and mortality!
Factors that influence the effects of smoking:
-form of smoking:cigarettes are the most risky,while cigar and piper are much less.
-quality of tabacco:low grade tabacco contains more nicotine and tar.
-age of starting:the earlier,the more the risk of smoking is.
-period of continued smoking and number of smoked cigarettes a day.
-smoking process:lenght of cigarettes,how much of it is smoked,number of taken puffs and extent of smoke inhalation.
The effects of smoking are caused by:
-tabacco contents:nicotine,tar,other hurmful substances that may be carcinogenic.
-products of burning tabacco,specially carbon monoxide.

The effects of cigarettes smoking:
1.Malignancy:cancer lung,cancer larynx,mouth,pharynx,esophagus,bladder and others.
2.Cardiovascular disease:smoking is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease,peripheral vascular disease and thromboagitis obliterans(Berger's disease).
3.Respiratory diseases:cancer lung and other parts,chronical bronchitis,asthma.
4.Peptic ulcer
5.Unfavourable outcome of pregnancy:increased risk of aborsion and congenital hazard.
6.Others:gingivitis,heartburn,digestive,disorders.

The passive smoking:
The inhalation of tabacco smoke by nonsmokers make a risk for nonsmokers,this chategory being exposed to the effects of smoking too.
This effects depends on:
-extent of smoking:number of smokers,and heaviness of smoking.
-duration,frequency and circumstances of exposure.
For this reasons is necessary to exist special places for smokers.
The smoking can be controled by antismoking programs.The basic lines are education programs,enforced restrictions and management of smokers.
The education program has to give full knoledge of the problem and helth risks of smoking and has to address to the public in general,students and providers of medical care and social service.High-risk groups as cardiovascular cases of oral pill,diabetics,workers in asbestos industry and the obese.
Enforced restrictions has to be done by legislation,so the cigarettes packets on the market must give the nicotine and tar content of tabacco in milligram by cigarette.They have to warn that "SMOKING IS DENGEROUS TO HEALTH" and this is the responsability of smoker.
One other method to dicrease the smoke of the cigarettes is the restriction of the availabbility and sales of cigarettes to the young and restricting smoking in public places,offices and means of transport.
On stoping smoking,the risk of hazards declines progressively to retorn to nonsmoking level within 10 years.

Stomach Cancer

The causes of stomach cancer(carcinoma) are unknown,but certain dietary and environmental factors play a role in developing this disease.
Risk factors:
-Alcohol consumption
-Spicy foods
-Ingestion of nitrates,changed by bacterial action into nitrosamines that proved to be carcinogenic.
But exist precancerous conditions as:
-Malignant gastric ulcer
-Atrophic gastritis of pernicious anaemia
-Crhronic gasttritis
-Partial gastrectomy for pepticulcer
-Achlorhydria
-Helicabacter pylori(secretes cytotoxin that attacts the stomach mucosa,predisposing to chronic gastritis,gastric ulcer,and the risk of gastric carcinoma).
Symptoms:at the begining is mild,then increasingly severe upper gastrointestinal manifestetion,with anaemia,and loss of weight.
Diagnosis:
The symptoms are not diagnosis specially in the early stage of sisease.Persisting symptoms in a case over 40 years are suggestive,to be investigated(gastroscopy,radiodiagnosis,cytologic examination and occult blood in stools).
The rate of developing a stomach cancer is declining according to the dietary and environmental factor of different countries.
The possibility of having stomach cancer increase whit age,specially over 40 years,is significantly higher in men,is more common in blood group A and the incidence is relatively higher in Japan and China.
The prevention is based preventing known risk factors and precancerous conditions.
So,fallow proper dietary habits,avoid alcohol and too spicy food,control of food additives preservatives,early diagnosis and management of stomach disease,specially gastritis and ulcer.