-Rh + (positive) with D antigen
-Rh - (negative) without D antigen
Antigen=substance that lead the immunity system to produce antibodies which will kill or neutralize foreign bodies recognized as hurmful.
The disease occurs of an Rh - 9negative) mother carries an Rh+ (positive) foetus,small amounts of foetal blood leak into the maternal circulation at the time of delivery,thus the mother will produce anti D agglutinins.
During the next pregnancy the mother agglutinins cross the placenta to Rh + foetus causing hoemolysis of foetal red blood cells may lead to:
-Anaemia of foetus
-death of foetus
-Jaudince with deposition of bile pigment in the basal ganglia as the blood brain barrier is not developed yet.
The first baby (with Rh +) is affected in case of maternal sensitization by:
-previous Rh+ blood transfusion
-foetal maternal hemorrhage during pregnancy.This disease can be prevented by avoing Rh+ blood transfusion to Rh - females and if pregnancy and labour happend an anti D antibodies are given to neutralize the D antigens of Rh + foetal cells and prevent sensitization of the mother.
The born baby should be treated by exchange blood transfusion with Rh- group O blood.
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