The detoxification is essentially the metabolism of the foreign organic compound,like substances which are not ordinarily utilized by the organism.It is sometimes applied to the changes undergone by ordinary metabolism,for exemple steroid hormones.It usually resolts in the formation of less toxic more soluble substances which are easily excreted by the kidneys.
Sometimes detoxification is used to refer to many of the reactions involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics.However,it is not always an appropriate term because in some cases the reaction to which some xenobiotics are subject actually increases their bilogical activity and toxicity.
In man detoxification occurs almost exclusively in the liver,but the kidneys also participate in animals.The reactions involved in detoxification processes includes:oxidation,reduction,hydrolysis and conjungation.
Detoxification by Oxidation:
Oxidation is a common mechanism of detoxification and it occurs in case of:
-intoxication with alcohols:methyl,ethyl and benzyl.
-intoxication with aromatic compounds:benzene,aniline,indole and skatole.
Detoxification by Reduction:
It is ussed on intoxication with nitro compounds,for exemple nitrobenzene and picnic acid.
Detoxification by Hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis is ussed in case of intoxication with some drugs.
Detoxification by Conjunction:
Conjunction is the commonest mecanism of detoxication.Toxic substances may be conjugated with:glucuronic acid,succinyl,glutanine,sulfates,cysteine,methyl groups,glycine,thiosulfates.
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