Obesity is the excess adipose tissue in different parts of the body,due to excess storage of fat in this tissues.
Increased body fat is usually a slow process over many years.
In case of simple obesity the cause is related to continued ingestion of excess calories and sedentary lifestyle.
How obesity develops is not preciserly known.
Other causes of obesity are nondietary factors(in minority cases) like:genetic and hormonal defects,metabolic disorders of fat and disorders of hypothalamus.
SIMPLE OBESITY
Predisposing Factors:Dietary,personal,social and psychologic factors.
1.Dietary factors:
Obese people eat more than they need,due to faulty feeding pattern and food and eating habits.As:taking much sweets and snacks,nibbling inbetween meals,consumin soft drinks regularly,special in hot weather and this provides sugar,appetizing presentation of fat this encourages overeating.
2.Personal and Social factors:
-sedentary lifestyle
-food is the basic way of celebrating different social,occasisns
-those living lonely,specially the elderly(either they have anorexia or they overeat)
-home environment:those preferring indoor life,with least activity and sitting to the TV for many hours
3.Psychological disturbance and emotional disorders-in case of subjects of anxiety,depression and other disorders
Are at risk:
-overfed infants and young children,specially the bottle-feed
-middle age women when are exposed to predisposing factors in traditional communities
-psycologically disturbed subjects
-those who are deeply interested in food.
Simple obesity may appear at any age and both sexes are exposed to it,can be genetic and developed usually by sharing similar food habits and lifestyle and can be influenced by the quality and quantity of consumed food too.
THE EXCESS BODY WEIGHT IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY!
Morbidity:
1.Cardiovascular diseases:
-hyperlipidemia and hypercolesterolemia associated with artherosclerosis
-hypertension
-celebrovascular disease and risk of sroke
-varicosity and thromboembolic disease.
2.Metabolic and Endocrine disorders:
-diabetes.It was faound that incidence of diabetes in children of diabetic parents is significantly higher(may be doubled),when the parents are obese too.
-menstrual irregularities,fertility disorders and other endocrine problems.
3.Gastrointestinal diseases:
-digestive disorders and constipation
-cholecystitis and tendency to cholelithiasis
-more susceptibility to develop hernias.
4.Musculoskeletal diseases:
-degenetarive jiont disease and osteorthritis(specially of knees)
-back pain
-flatfood
5.Psychologic disturbances:more found in obese adolescents and young adults,specially females.
6.Malignancy:studies showed more incidence of cancer among subjects of severe obesity,specially of:colon,rectum,biliary tract,prostate in male,breast.endometrium and overy in females.
7.Other complications:
-impaired pulmonary function
-frequent skin disorders
-increased surgical risk
-increased obstetric risk
Mortality:
The obese are exposed to significantly higher mortality,from associated health hazards,specially:cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease and stroke,complicated diabetes,malignancy.
Mortality is proportional to degree of obesity and may be up to tenfold in very severe obesity.
Heavy smoking increases morbidity and mortality risk of obesity.
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